Cereals

The principal requirements for quality of cereals for the food processing purposes are regulated according to the standard ČSN 46 0011-1 (46 0011) and for feeding purposes according to ČSN 46 1200-1 (46 0012).

»Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

In this country the common wheat is the most frequent crop and occupies almost one fourths of the arable land in the Czech Republic. It is grown in two forms – winter one (94%) and the spring one (6%). The main product of the harvest is the grain.

• Food processing wheat - ČSN 46 1100-2 a ČSN 46 1100-2
• Feeding wheat - ČSN 46 1200-2

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»Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. distichon)

In the last years in the Czech Republic the spring barley has been grown in comparatively large area and after the winter wheat it is the second most grown crop in this country. For production of malt there is processed approximately thirty percent of the total harvest of the spring barley, about seventy percent of grain is utilized for the feeding purposes.

• Malt barley - ČSN 46 1100-6
• Feeding barley - ČSN 46 1200-3

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»Winter barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. vulgare)

After the winter wheat and the spring barley the winter barley is the third most frequent cereal in the Czech Republic. Within the conditions of the Czech Republic the winter barley is utilized especially for feeding purposes. With the varieties with bigger grain the feeding quality is on the level of the feeding varieties of the spring barley.

• Feeding barley - ČSN 46 1200-3

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»Maize (Zea mays L.)

maize grain plays an important role in the fattening of pigs and poultry.

• Feeding maize – grain - ČSN 46 1200-6

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»Rye (Secale cereale L.)

In the second half of 20th century the plant growing areas of rye significantly decreased due to small increase of hectare yields of rye as compared to wheat and barley and as well as due to lower variety of utilization of rye as a raw material.

• Food processing - ČSN 46 1100-4
• Feeding - grain, which does not meet the criteria of the food processing quality

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»Triticale – wheat-rye (Triticosecale)

Triticale is an artificial inter-variety crossbreed of the common wheat (Triticum genus) and the rye (Secale genus), has a high yield potential.

• Feeding - ČSN 46 1200-5

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»Oat (Avena sativa L.)

At present times again the oat gains the importance as a raw material for the products of a well-balance diet. As compared to wheat the proteinaceous complex of oat distinguishes with an easier digestibility and a higher share of essential amino acids. The oat grain is also applied in feeding doses of some categories of farm animals – young and breeding animals and horses.

• Oat “glume” - ČSN 46 1200-4 (caryopsis is firmly surrounded with floral enevlope – glume and little glume)
• Naked oat – ČSN 46 1100-7 (glume less – „naked“ - caryopsis)

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»Common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)

The common millet grain is small with shiny glumes. A part of production is utilized as a diet food (peeled millet – millet grains) and a part is applied for feeding of exotic birds. Qualitative evaluation of millet is focused on moisture, admixtures and impurities. The quality is considered according to ČSN 46 1200-7.

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»Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum aesculentum (L.) Moench)

The buckwheat belongs to botanic family of Polygonaceae – knotweed. In respect to a similar agrotechnology and character of the product the buckwheat is listed together with the cereal species. After hulling, the buckwheat seeds (three-sided achaenes) are used as a raw material for preparation of dishes and food with specific taste and dietetic properties. The quality is regulated according to ČSN 46 1200-8.

• Non-peeled
• Peeled – mechanically, thermically

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